Research, Urban Planning, Environment and Health

Air Pollution and Lung Cancer - Key Facts

Key facts on the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer

03.07.2023

Ten years ago, a Working Group convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) gathered in Lyon, France, and following a detailed review of the evidence, classified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter in outdoor air as a cause of lung cancer in humans (IARC 2013). Globally, outdoor air pollution is second only to tobacco as the greatest cause of lung and respiratory cancers (Ebrahimi et al 2019).

This document gathers the main scientific evidences linking air pollution and lung cancer.

Cookies Policy

Our website www.isglobal.org (the "Website") uses cookies to collect information on how the Website is used.

A cookie is a file downloaded onto your machine (computer or mobile device) for storing data that may be updated and retrieved by the entity that installed it.

The information collected via cookies may include the date and time you visited the website, the pages you viewed, the time you spent on our website and the websites you visited before and after visiting our site.

We use cookies to facilitate your browsing of our Website, distinguish you from other users, provide you a better use experience and identify problems with our Website. If you provide your consent, we will use cookies to obtain information on your preferences and tailor our Website to your interests.

The purpose of this cookies policy is to provide you with clear and precise information on the cookies used on our Website (the "Cookies Policy"). For more information on the cookies used on our Website, please email your questions to the Data Protection Officer: lopd@isglobal.org.

Type of cookies used on the Website

Our Website uses the cookies described below.

First-party cookies

These cookies are sent to your computer and handled only by us to improve the operation of the Website. Information collected is used to improve the quality of our service and your user experience. These cookies remain in your browser for longer. This allows us to recognise you when you return to the Website and tailor the content offered to your preferences.

Third-party analytics cookies

Interacting with the content of our Website can also cause the installation of third-party cookies (e.g., when you click on social network buttons or watch videos hosted on our Website). Third-party cookies are installed by other domains; not ours. We cannot access the data stored in the cookies of other websites when you browse those websites.

Our Website uses Google Analytics audience measurement system, Facebook, First Party, Twitter, Vimeo, YouTube, Instagram, Issuu and Opinion Stage. These tools allow us to know how users interact with our Website. We use "persistent" cookies. Persistent cookies store data on your terminal that can be accessed and processed during a defined time period by the owner of the cookie. This time period could be anything from a few minutes to several years.

Below is a list of cookies according to the purpose for which the data obtained is processed:

Technical cookies. These cookies allow you to browse a webpage, platform or application and use the options of the services you find there. For instance, they are used for monitoring web traffic and data communication, identifying the session, providing access to restricted areas, remembering elements in an order, carrying out the purchasing process of an order, performing a request for enrolment or participation in an event, using security elements during browsing, storing content for the playing of audiovisuals, and sharing content via social networks.
Personalisation cookies. These allow you to access the service and have some general characteristics predefined based on a series of criteria found in your terminal, such as language, browser type with which you are accessing the service, regional configuration from where you are accessing the service, etc.
Analytics cookies. These cookies allow monitoring and analysing user behaviour on a website. Information collected via this type of cookie is used to measure the activity of websites, applications or platforms and for creating the browsing profiles of users of these sites, applications and platforms. This allows introducing improvements based on the analysis of user usage of the service.
Advertising cookies. These allow managing, in the most effective manner possible, advertising spaces.
Behavioural advertising cookies. These cookies store information on user behaviour obtained via the continual monitoring of their browsing habits, which allows creating a specific profile for displaying targeted advertising based on this information.
External social network cookies. These cookies are used so visitors to websites can interact with the content of social networks (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.). They are generated only for the users of these social networks. The conditions of use of these cookies and the information collected is governed by the privacy policy of the social network platform in question.

Along with our server's log files, these cookies tell us the total number of visitors to our Website and which parts of our site are the most popular. Thanks to them, we obtain information that helps us improve browsing and provide a better service to our users and clients.

Visit the following link to Google's website to read about the type of cookies used by Google Analytics and their expiry time.

Consent

By browsing and remaining on our Website, you provide consent for our use of the cookies described for the time periods specified under the conditions of this Cookies Policy.

Disabling and blocking cookies

Cookies are not required for using our Website. You can block and disable cookies by configuring your browser to block the installation of all or some cookies. Most browsers can be set to warn you of the presence of cookies or block them automatically. If you block cookies, you may continue using our Website. However, the use of some of its services may be limited, and your user experience may be diminished.

Withdrawing your consent

If at any time you want to withdraw the consent you gave under this Cookies Policy, delete the cookies stored on your machine (computer or mobile device) via the settings and configuration of your web browser.

For more information on deleting, disabling or blocking cookies, visit this page.

Changing your browser's cookie configuration and settings

Unless you have adjusted your browser's configuration, our system creates cookies when you visit our Website. All web browsers allow changing this configuration.

Click on the links below for how to adjust the cookie configuration of the following browsers:

Internet Explorer:

Firefox

Chrome

Safari (and for iOS)

Changes to the Cookies Policy

We may update the Cookies Policy of our Website from time to time. We recommend that you review this policy each time you visit our Website so that you are adequately informed on how and for what we use cookies. The Cookies Policy was last updated on March 11, 2020.

Contact

For any query, comment or suggestion regarding our Cookies Policy, please email the Data Protection Officer: lopd@isglobal.org.

[Updated on March 11, 2020 · Photo: Christopher Burns / Unsplash]

Privacy Policy

In accordance with the current data protection regulations, ISGlobal informs you of the following:

When you are requested to provide personal data for the provision of services, you will be informed of what data you must provide.

If you do not provide this required data, we will not be able to provide you with the services. The personal data you provide or that ISGlobal obtains as a result of your browsing, queries or requests via our webpage at www.isglobal.org (the “website”) will be included in a file owned by ISGlobal for managing, storing and tracking your requests for information and/or contracting of goods or services offered via the website. The information obtained from you by ISGlobal from the website when you sign up for a promotional event or send a form is processed with the utmost confidentiality for helping you to take part in the event in question or, in the second case, sending you the information you requested. The information obtained is not used for any other purpose. The personal data provided will not be disclosed or transferred to third parties without your consent.

When the completion of a form is requested, the user will be informed of the identity and data of the data controller and the Data Protection Officer, the purposes and legal basis of the treatment, the recipients of the data as well as, where appropriate, the international data transfers, the data retention periods and the user's ability to exercise their rights of access, rectification, deletion, portability, limitation and / or opposition to treatment, the right complaint to the control authority and the existence of automated decisions. The personal data collected will only be processed and / or transferred for the express purpose, and always with the consent of the user.

Information is only sent via the form(s) of the website after you have expressed your acceptance by selecting an "ACCEPT/SEND" (or similar) button, via which ISGlobal has proof that you gave your consent for it to process your personal data.

In all cases, you guarantee that the data you provide is true, exact, complete and up-to-date. ISGlobal may decline to provide the information or services requested to any user providing false data without prejudice to any other legal action open to it.

In virtue of Article 22 of Spanish Law 34/2002, of July 11, on the Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce, ISGlobal may store and retrieve "cookies" (data in a text file) from your machine, provided you have given consent and after we have provided you with clear and complete information on the use of these cookies. You may obtain complete information on the purpose for installing these cookies and what they are used for in ISGlobal's Cookies Policy.

This does not prevent any technical storage or access for the sole purpose of carrying out or facilitating the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network, or as strictly necessary to provide an information society service expressly requested by you.

You may exercise your rights of access, rectification, erasure, objection, portability and restriction of the processing by sending a request to the Data Protection Officer via email (lopd@isglobal.org) or the ISGlobal postal address: c/ Rosselló, 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. The request must include your full name, address for notices, a photocopy of your ID document or passport and an indication of the right you want to exercise.

If you are unhappy with the processing done by ISGlobal or believe that your rights have been violated, you may file a claim with the Spanish Data Protection Agency at any time (www.aepd.es – C/ Jorge Juan, 6, Madrid).

ISGlobal has implemented the necessary technical and organizational security measures in order to guarantee the security of your personal data and prevent its alteration, loss, treatment and / or unauthorized access, considering the state of technology, the nature of the stored data and the risks to which they are exposed, whether they come from human action or the physical or natural environment, all in accordance with the provisions of current regulations.

In accordance with Law 34/2002, of 11 July, on the Services of the Information Society and Electronic Commerce, if you do not wish to receive electronic commercial notices from ISGlobal in the future, you may inform us of this preference by sending an email to the Data Protection Officer (lopd@isglobal.org).

[Updated on March 11, 2020 · Photo: Gilles Lambert / Unsplash]

Cookie	Management	Duration	Aim
COOKIE_SUPPORT	First Party	50 years	A cookie that checks whether cookies are enabled in your browser.
GUEST_LANGUAGE_ID	First Party	50 years	Cookie used to remember the user's language preferences.
JSESSIONID	First Party	Session	Cookie used to manage web applications.
LFR_SESSION_STATE	First Party	Session	Liferay uses these cookies to manage your access ID
USER_UUID	First Party	Session	Liferay uses these cookies to manage your access ID
cp_sessionid	First Party	5 years
CK_CONSENT	First Party	1 year	A cookie used to confirm the user's acceptance of first level cookies in response to the cookie warning.
COMPANY_ID	First Party	Session	Liferay company identifier
ID	First Party	Session	Liferay uses these cookies to manage your access ID
ck_fbanner	First Party	14 days	A cookie used to check if the user already close footer banner.
ck_newsletter	First Party	14 days	A cookie used to check if the user already close newsletter popup.
1P_JAR	Google	1 month	These cookies are used to collect website statistics and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google	2 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
HSID	Google	2 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
NID	Google	6 months	Advertising cookie used to tailor the advertisements shown to the interests of the user.
S	Google	Session	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
SAPISID	Google	2 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
SID	Google	2 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
SIDCC	Google	3 months	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
SSID	Google	2 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
__Secure-3PAPISID	Google	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
__Secure-3PSID	Google	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
__Secure-3PSIDCC	Google	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
CONSENT	Google	20 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
vuid	Vimeo	2 years	A Vimeo Analytics cookie that provides a single id.
APISID	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
HSID	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
LOGIN_INFO	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
PREF	YouTube	2 years	Cookie that remembers information that changes the appearance or behaviour of the web site, such as the user's preferred language or region.
SAPISID	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
SID	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
SIDCC	YouTube	1 year	Used as security measure to protect users data from unauthorised access
SSID	YouTube	2 years	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE	YouTube	1 year	A cookie that YouTube sets that measures your bandwidth to determine whether you get the new player interface or the old.
YSC	YouTube	Session	This cookie is set by the YouTube video service on pages with embedded YouTube video
CONSENT	YouTube	20 years	Used by Google to store user preferences and information of Google
__Secure-3PAPISID	YouTube	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
__Secure-3PSID	YouTube	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
__Secure-3PSIDCC	YouTube	2 years	Used by for targeting purposes to build a profile of the website visitor's interests in order to show relevant & personalised Google advertising
iutk	issuu	10 years	Recognises the user's device and what Issuu documents have been read.
_initial_referrer	infogram	Session	Tells Infogram which site is embedding the content
ig_putma	infogram	Session	Session cookie

Cookie	Management	Duration	Aim
_ga	Google Analytics	2 years	This cookie is used to distinguishes unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports.
_gat	Google Analytics	1 minute	Used to throttle the request rate – limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites.
_gid	Google Analytics	24 hours	Used to distinguish users

Cookie	Management	Duration	Aim
_gcl_au	Google	3 months	Used by Google for experimenting with advertisement efficiency
IDE	Google (doubleclick)	13 months	Used by Google to show relevant advertising to the viewer across the web
datr	Facebook	2 years	This cookie is used by facebook for security, to stop DDOS/fake accounts and to protect users content
sb	Facebook	2 years	Allow you to control the “Follow us on Facebook” and “Like” buttons, collect the language settings and allow you to share the page.
_fbp	Facebook	3 months	Store and track visits across websites.
auth_token	Twitter	10 years	Track visitor activity from Twitter ads on our website, and also allow users to share content from our websites. They cookies do not provide us with any confidential information relating to your account.
dnt	Twitter	10 years	These cookies enable users, if they wish, to login to their Twitter account share content from our websites with their friends. These cookies do not allow us access to your accounts or provide us with any confidential information relating to your accounts.
twid	Twitter	10 years	Track visitor activity from Twitter ads on our website, and also allow users to share content from our websites. They cookies do not provide us with any confidential information relating to your account.
wide	YouTube	Session	These cookies are set via embedded YouTube videos. They register anonymous statistical data
s_gl	YouTube	Session